You Have Friends Everywhere

Posting this because it seems like a good time to do so. If you haven’t watched Andor yet, which is where this is from, you should.

There will be times when the struggle seems impossible. I know this already. Alone, unsure, dwarfed by the scale of the enemy. Remember this. Freedom is a pure idea. It occurs spontaneously and without instruction. Random acts of insurrection are occurring constantly throughout the galaxy. There are whole armies, battalions that have no idea that they’ve already enlisted in the cause. Remember that the frontier of the Rebellion is everywhere. And even the smallest act of insurrection pushes our lines forward. And then remember this. The Imperial need for control is so desperate because it is so unnatural. Tyranny requires constant effort. It breaks, it leaks. Authority is brittle. Oppression is the mask of fear. Remember that. And know this, the day will come when all these skirmishes and battles, these moments of defiance will have flooded the banks of the Empire’s authority and then there will be one too many. One single thing will break the siege. Remember this. Try.

Sidequest 29 – The White Pedestal: How White Nationalists Use the Classics

I’ve been a fan of Dr. Curtis Dozier for a while. I stumbled on his podcast, The Mirror of Antiquity, and thoroughly enjoyed it. I then came across his website, Pharos, where he chronicles (mostly horrible and some who are only somewhat horrible but still horrible) people invoking the Classics to justify their horrible beliefs. When I reached out to Dr. Dozier to see if he would come on the podcast, not only did he say yes, but he told me about his current book which is now available for purchase – The White Pedestal: How White Nationalists Use Ancient Greece and Rome to Justify Hate. Naturally, this book which is now available for purchase, is the topic of the episode.

In Dr. Dozier’s book, which I read and highly recommend, he outlines the goals of white nationalists and where in the Classics white nationalists look to find support for their horrible beliefs. It turns out that they aren’t necessarily misrepresenting history to support their hate-filled, racist and reprehensible beliefs. Rather, such hatred, bigotry and racist beliefs are common and permeate our entire historical and philosophical narrative. And that is the key part of Dr. Dozier’s book – he isn’t just exposing the logical fallacies of white nationalists, he’s exposing the problems inherent with our historical narratives upon which white nationalists rely.

And it’s understanding that issue which makes the discussion we need to have about history so important. Put simply, if we’re going to have a discussion about white nationalists co-opting the Classics, we need to have a discussion about what the Classics are, what they aren’t and our obligations as students and teachers to telling an accurate and complete narrative about the past and how that reflects on the present. We have to stop idolizing the subject matter and be honest about it. Look, folks, if there’s one theme of this podcast, it’s that history is messy. And this episode returns to that theme again and again and again. There’s nothing perfect about the past. The folks who preceded us weren’t saints. They were people, and people are imperfect. So, let’s stop putting the past on a pedestal and get to work making our present and our future a better place.

While I often kick around politics and current events, this is one of the few episodes that covers both in detail. I hope you enjoy listening to this episode as much as I enjoyed participating in the discussion.

Your reading assignment is Empire of Ruin.

The theme music is from Brent Arehart. Please call the pod (540-632-0160), leave a message and you’ll get in an episode. Let me know what you think about what we think in the comments, on Bluesky, on Mastodon, on Reddit, or on Instagram.

And never forget that The Classical Antiquity Sidequest is a podcast without end.

Book Review – A Generation of Sociopaths: How the Baby Boomers Betrayed America

For my second book review, I’m covering a non-Antiquity book, A Generation of Sociopaths: How the Baby Boomers Betrayed America by Bruce Gibney. Sociopaths is about America under the political leadership of the Baby Boomers. Full disclosure before you read this review – I am an OG Millennial whose parents are Baby Boomers. I have very, very negative opinions about the era during which the Boomers have controlled our country. This isn’t a view that I attribute to Boomers as individuals, but to what the generation itself produced during their time as leaders. To cut to the chase, I think that the Boomers, regardless of political party, have produced lousy presidents, lousy policies and accomplished almost nothing at the federal level beyond The Affordable Care Act (aka “Obamacare”). Medicaid expansion, coverage mandates, etc., are / were good things and helped people get something they desperately needed, medical care. Aside from that, the Boomers haven’t done much with their almost thirty years of control of the White House.

And don’t tell me they are responsible for gay marriage – that’s the result of a Supreme Court. That is not the result of a political coalition producing societal change like the Silent Generation did during the Civil Rights era.

Regardless of which party has been in charge of the country, what the Boomers brought us consists of three impeachments for objectively indefensible reasons (Clinton sexually harassed an intern and abused the power differential between him and Monica Lewinsky, Trump used foreign policy for purely personal reasons and then tried to overthrow the elected government of the United States). We got a disastrous and unnecessary war in Iraq, an extreme increase in the use of the filibuster, no vote on Merrick Garland’s Supreme Court nomination, the debacle that is No Child Left Behind and its supplement, “Every Student Succeeds Act”, the financial collapse of 2007-08 that led to the Great Recession and a disastrous response to COVID-19. Remember DOMA? What about Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell? Remember the gutting of the administrative state through our Boomer Supreme Court? What about rising college tuition costs and the failure to allow student loans to be bankrupted or discharged? There’s no good way to put it – there’s not a lot of success that Boomer leadership can point to. So, with that out of the way, let’s get into the review.

In Sociopaths, Bruce Gibney details how the Boomers (I don’t agree with his definition of 1940-1964 as the generational timeframe; it should be limited to 1946-1964) are generally a self-absorbed, self-serving generation who push policies that benefit them while harming others and won’t do the necessary work to fix looming problems (see generally how we’ve failed to address “entitlements” like Social Security despite knowing that we’re going to be in the red on this in the 2030s for decades now). The book is divided up into several areas in which Gibney is of the belief that the Boomers failed including a rejection of fact in favor of feelings, cutting taxes too much, a failure to improve our country’s infrastructure, policies that resulted in mass incarceration, etc. The book provides a compelling argument that the Boomers have generally failed as leaders, chosen short-sighted and selfish (as opposed to selfless) policies and have done next to nothing to improve the country they inherited. There is a lot about economics in the book that, in full disclosure, I don’t have sufficient expertise to fully understand much less discuss. Regardless, Gibney paints a pretty good picture that the economic policy that has dominated during the Boomer era has been to deregulate, cause a preventable crisis and then run to the government for bailouts when it’s beneficial. He also makes it sound like that will happen again when there isn’t enough money to pay for Social Security benefits when the last round of Boomers retire and start collecting checks. Get ready to pay for your parents’ retirements, folks!

In regard to specific Boomer failures, this book picks up on a lot of things that I’ve come to believe during the last several years and did believe before I read the book. Take our highway system, rail system and transportation system generally. The “Greatest” and Silent Generations put in the hard work to build up the United States and provide it with a modern transportation system. Those generations gave us an interconnected highway system that made our current economy possible. What have the Boomers done since then? Not much. No massive updates, no significant improvements and nothing other than putting a new coat of paint on a dilapidated house while bridges collapse. Sadly, that’s par for the course for Boomer leadership – patch and paint until a preventable disaster happens and something has to be done. The Eisenhower Interstate System is a remarkable thing. We should do everything we can to keep it updated. We have the resources to do that and there’s no excuse not to.

Gibney also takes aim at our school system under Boomer leadership and he does make some good points. Before I get into that, I will say that education “reform” is complicated and something that should be undertaken with scepticism. Things like “teacher accountability” may sound nice, but it isn’t practical. Education is a long, slow process that can’t be addressed or measured by annual test results. Also, how do you compare well-funded school systems full of professors’ kids to a poorly funded school full of kids who don’t have enough food to eat or a stable home? We have to be realistic and accept that “accountability” is hard to measure across different schools, districts and systems. I will say, though, that Gibney makes a good point that diverting public funds to charter schools isn’t good policy. On top of that, the Boomers have presided over an era where we’ve all pretty much agreed that our schools need to be better and we could do simple things like go to year-round school. But has more than 30 years of Boomer leadership seen us make that change? Nope. This failure is indicative of the Boomer mentality, a mentality which is best described by Homer Simpson almost dying of thirst and, instead of getting up to go to the kitchen to get something to drink, said, “So thirsty! Eh, what are you gonna do?”

Oh, and if that weren’t enough to demonstrate failures of Boomer leadership, Gibney hammers home the fact that the Boomers have done almost nothing on climate change policy. I’ll leave that there as discussing it further is too depressing.

One area that I did find particularly interesting is the discussion of the Boomers’ objections to serving in Vietnam. He made a strong case that while the Boomers were the group most inclined to support the war, they were also the most likely to take education deferments as opposed to trying for conscientious objector status. What he’s getting at is that the Boomers supported a war that they weren’t willing to fight in. If the Boomers were really opposed to Vietnam, why not try for conscientious objector status? It couldn’t be because an education deferment was easier to get, could it? Certainly not in an era when college was affordable which it isn’t now (thanks, Boomers). Gibney made a credible case that the Boomers were more than happy to push the costs of the war on a group of people comprised of, as John McCain put it, “the Hispanic, the ghetto black, and the Appalachian white”. This is an area that is worth some additional research and study. It may well prove Gibney’s point that the Boomers were hypocrites from the start. They did, of course, immediately become Reaganites after an economic crisis in the 70s that wasn’t really that bad. If they shed their ideology that quickly, maybe they never really cared about Vietnam in the first place and it was all about themselves as opposed to an actual cause. Fact check comes back mostly true on that one.

These are the main areas of the book that I feel comfortable discussing. The economic policies are, as mentioned, a little over my head and area of actual, or professed, expertise.

While I don’t agree with Gibney that the Boomer generation meets the DSM definition of “sociopath”, I do think that Gibney succeeds in proving that Boomer leadership failed us and continues to fail us. The only way to fix this is to vote the Boomers out. If we keep voting for Boomers who have proven that they’ve done nothing but fail us, we’re only fooling ourselves. In addition to that, we’re giving a generation more power at a time where they will do all they can to make sure that Social Security checks keep coming to them by taxing us at a level they’ve never been willing to tax themselves. It’s time to vote them out. Send the bums home.

The need to vote them out transcends membership in any political party. Let’s be real – the only good Boomer is one who doesn’t hold political office. Gibney makes compelling arguments that under Boomer leadership, both parties are complicit in the failures to address infrastructure, taxes, the environment, etc. While I do think there are differences between both parties (see abortion and women’s issues), I do think that Boomers have been in power long enough, have done too much damage to the country and it’s time for them to go. I don’t care if it means that I’m not voting for Mark Warner this year – he’s a Boomer and that’s all I need to know. This means I’ll end up voting third-party or I’ll write someone in because I know I’m not voting for a Republican.

So, while I don’t think that the Boomers are sociopaths, I think that their generation failed to produce positive benefits during the time in which they have been in political charge of the United States. It’s time for them to go. Vote them out and read the book while you’re at it. Sociopaths is an entertaining read.

Those are my thoughts on the book. Let me know what you think about what I think in the comments, on Bluesky, on Mastodon, on Reddit, or on Instagram.

And never forget that The Classical Antiquity Sidequest is a podcast without end.

Sidequest 28 – Labor Movements in Ancient Rome with Dr. Sarah Bond

Dr. Sarah Bond, Roanoke, Virginia native and author of the hit book Strike: Labor, Unions, and Resistance in the Roman Empire, stopped by the podcast to talk about how people engaged in collective action in Antiquity. In addition to discussing how Roman workers engaged in actions that are similar to the modern labor movement, such as by forming collegia of various types, we cover a lot of topics including why Roanoke is so great, how we should approach the study of history and the power that laborers have. Another topic we get into is how the Roman state restricted collegia and why Christians were persecuted. And if that weren’t enough, we also discuss the Mint Strike during Aurelian’s reign. Not to give away the ending, but as Omar warned us, “You come at the king, you best not miss.”

Your reading assignments include The Great Leveler and Surviving Rome.

The theme music is from Brent Arehart. Please call the pod (540-632-0160), leave a message and you’ll get in an episode. Let me know what you think about what we think in the comments, on Bluesky, on Mastodon, on Reddit, or on Instagram.

And never forget that The Classical Antiquity Sidequest is a podcast without end.

Book Review – Gates of Fire

I decided to start writing reviews of books I read or listen to that deal with topics from Antiquity. I hope you all enjoy these and find them informative. Hopefully, these reviews will be a good way to add more content to the site. So, here goes …

The first book getting reviewed here is Gates of Fire, Stephen Pressfield‘s novel about the Battle of Thermopylae (although it is really more of an ode to Sparta and “Spartan culture” as the battle shows up late and takes up a relatively small amount of the narrative (the battle doesn’t start until about 245 pages into a 384 page book)). I read Gates of Fire like 20 years ago and I remember enjoying it. Over the years, I’ve recommended it to others and discussed it whenever it came up. One of my favorite parts of the book is the line Dienekes uttered about fighting the battle in the shade. I think the reason the book stuck with me is because I was pretty young when I read it and almost certainly had a lot of thoughts about getting my name forever mentioned in the history books (you know, the kind of thing that most young, dumb kids think about). Because of these fond memories, I bought it for my son thinking that he might like it. He was 15 or 16 then, so it seemed like it might be the right age for him. Anyway, he never read it which made me decide to read it again.

My basic thought on the book is that it is a book for dudes, a book for the kind of people that Denis Leary mentioned in “A**hole” when he sang the line, “I like … books about war”. The book, a fairly well-written and captivating narrative, albeit a repetitive one, is designed to appeal to traditional masculine concepts about duty, sacrifice and noble deaths. In addition to those themes, you can also find the over-used “Women totally bought into this and are super noble and powerful in their own way and, at times, their nobility and power will overpower Mark Zuckerberg’s masculine energy” (also, Zuck has a ridiculously punchable face). One of the best examples of this narrative trope can be found at the end of The Quiet Man when Maureen O’Hara takes charge of her home and shuts her brother up.

There’s a lot about the specifics of this period of Greek history that I’m not familiar with, so I won’t get into whether Gates of Fire is historically accurate. Instead, my main discussion will relate to what I think Pressfield could’ve done to make the book better and what I think is the biggest problem with the book.

To begin with, I think that the book spent too much time talking about how great Sparta was. While some of the focus on “Spartan culture” is necessary to set the scene and provide some background regarding Ancient Greek and Spartan society, the novel devoted too much time making Spartan culture heroic. And doing that is what, for me, is the book’s biggest problem for. In talking up Spartan culture, there is an implied acceptance / justification of the slave society and police state upon which that society was based.

It’s extremely problematic for Pressfield to present a slave-based culture in the light that he did. When reading the book, I thought about what a film professor taught me years ago (and this is a paraphrase) – when you make a movie about the past, it doesn’t matter what you’re saying about the past. What matters is what you’re saying about today. This is because the past is a great narrative tool to discuss present problems. When telling a story set in the past, comments about the present can be snuck into the narrative. The same is true with sci-fi – futuristic and alien worlds are a perfect way to explore problems with the present and to comment about current events.

And that’s what, in my opinion, Pressfield got wrong. He made the slave-based culture that was Sparta too acceptable, too necessary and to some extent, too natural. Recall that the Spartans are presented as Xeones’ savior and they become necessary protectors. By portraying Sparta that way, there’s an implicit adoption of the need for a strongman and militaristic culture. I’m not suggesting that there’s an actual endorsement of these things, including Spartan slavey, at play here by Pressfield. But what I am suggesting is that when all of Spartan society is made to look heroic and the only way to fend off the Persians, readers have no choice but to assume that the basis of that society (slavery, limited social mobility, oligarchical structure, police state in many respects, etc.), is necessary. (It is at times like this that I wish I had more knowledge about women in Ancient Sparta. Due to that lack of knowledge, I don’t feel comfortable discussing how they were portrayed in the book beyond saying it was a stereotypical portrayal.) I don’t think by any means that the author intended to convey that message, but a book like this could easily be misused by some of the worst among us to support such narratives.

That misuse becoames more likely when the book focuses almost entirely on the Spartans and what they did at Thermopylae at the expense of the rest of the Greeks. Pressfield makes it seem like the other Greeks who were at Thermopylae played a minimal role and it is implied that the battle couldn’t have occurred without the Spartans. This is kind of odd given that, and this gets into what little I know about Greek Antiquity, the Greek forces totaled around 7,000 and consisted of a large number of non-Spartans. Here’s a brief, and incomplete, list of the Greek combatants I pulled from my copy of Herodotus’ Histories:

  • 300 Spartans;
  • 500 from Tegea;
  • 500 from Mantinea;
  • 120 from Orchomenus;
  • 1000 from Arcadia;
  • 400 from Corinth;
  • 200 from Philus;
  • 80 from Mycenae; and
  • Many, many others.

Also, I recall something about Sparta religious practices keeping limiting the number of Spartans involved initially. But I’ll leave the rest of the research to the readers and to the experts.

An additional critique I have derives from the fact that I think I’m getting fairly impatient in my old age and want books to get to the point quickly. I think Pressfield could’ve made this significantly shorter and gotten to the battle more quickly. And this isn’t a knock on Pressfield specifically, it’s more a comment on my losing battle with patience. For example, I recently stopped reading a book by Martin Amis that I enjoyed because I thought he should’ve cut about a third of it out. In order to provide the necessary historical background and set the stage without lionizing Sparta, Pressfield should’ve focused more on Greek political dynamics surrounding the Persian invasion and the Greek response. A political thriller would’ve been more entertaining and intriguing than the ode to Sparta this turned into.

Another critique I have about the book is that the nobility theme was repeated a bit much. I wouldn’t recommend this, but if you took a drink each time nobility or sacrifice are mentioned, you’d be dangerously intoxicated pretty quickly. If you do decide to try it, and I wouldn’t, make sure you have a sober friend nearby or are otherwise drinking within stumbling distance of a hospital.

One thing that I do like about this book is that the Persians are portrayed better than they are in other modern representations of Thermopylae (like 300). I don’t think that I would read this again. I would, however, read another Pressfield book as he’s a pretty good writer. And I’m a white male in my 40s which means I’m contractually obligated to read books about war.

Those are my thoughts on the book. Let me know what you think about what I think in the comments, on Bluesky, on Mastodon, on Reddit, or on Instagram.

And never forget that The Classical Antiquity Sidequest is a podcast without end.

Sidequest 27 – Magic and Early Christianity with Dr. Shaily Patel

In response to a suggestion from Dr. Rhiannon Garth Jones, I reached out to Dr. Shaily Patel at Virginia Tech (GO HOKIES!) to see if she would come on the podcast. Turns out she was willing to do so and this led to a discussion about the complex relationship between early Christianity and magic. This includes how early Christians employed heresy to attack and marginalize non-Christian practitioners of magic (looking at you, Augustine). Dr. Patel has covered this topic thoroughly and written a book about it that is very, very good. Please check out the book. You will enjoy it.

In addition to covering the complex role that early Christianity and Christians had with magic, we discuss the state of higher education, how we should discuss history and the complexities involved in putting together historical narratives, the D.C. Comics character John Constantine, the brilliant TV show Grimm and The Dresden Files. Don’t judge us.

Your reading assignments include the Scholomance series and Things Unseen.

The theme music is from Brent Arehart. Please call the pod (540-632-0160), leave a message and you’ll get in an episode. Let me know what you think about what we think in the comments, on Bluesky, on Mastodon, on Reddit, or on Instagram.

And never forget that The Classical Antiquity Sidequest is a podcast without end.

Sidequest 26 – Drinking in Ancient Greece with Dr. Amy Pistone

Our friend Amy Pistone returns to the podcast to educate us on drinking habits in Ancient Greece. During this episode, we’ll hear about the current climate in higher education and discuss the uncertainty professors have. We will also cover what would go down at a symposium and how people in Antiquity knew how to play drinking games. And, if that weren’t enough, we answer a question that has stumped scholars for centuries – was Odysseus a woo girl, or did he just keep it real? Listen and find out.

Your reading assignments include Glorious Exploits and Sarah Bond’s Strike. Given the number of times that Strike has been suggested as a book to read, isn’t it time for Dr. Bond to come on the podcast? I think so.

The theme music is from Brent Arehart. Please call the pod (540-632-0160), leave a message and you’ll get in an episode. Let me know what you think about what we think in the comments, on Bluesky, on Mastodon, on Reddit, or on Instagram.

And never forget that The Classical Antiquity Sidequest is a podcast without end.

Sidequest 25 – Ben and Victor Review Troy: The Director’s Cut

Victor returns to the podcast to discuss 2004’s Troy. But not just Troy. No, we skip the theatrical release version and go straight into the 196 minute (not a typo) director’s cut. Why did we do this? Good question.

Anyway, we take some time to figure out what went wrong with this movie, what good parts it had and, of course, we talk about Deep Blue Sea (there’s a connection here, trust me). We also point out that the ending sequence for the Trojans in this movie was really, really idiotic. Most important, we raise a significant issue that should be studied by film historians – does throwing in an exploding volcano make a movie better? Listen and find out.

The theme music is from Brent Arehart. Please call the pod (540-632-0160), leave a message and you’ll get in an episode. Let me know what you think about what we think in the comments, on Bluesky, on Mastodon, on Reddit, or on Instagram.

And never forget that The Classical Antiquity Sidequest is a podcast without end.

Sidequest 24 – Antiquity on Screen Part II: Those About to Die and The Odyssey with Monica Cyrino

Our friend Monica Cyrino returned to the podcast to discuss Those About to Die and the upcoming Christopher Nolan film, The Odyssey. Those About to Die is a Peacock series which is set in the Flavian dynasty. It’s an ambitious project that has some good parts and some not so good parts. If we were to give it one of our movie review ratings, I’d give it a Probus. It is worth watching as there are some good moments that are historically accurate. There are some other moments that are … not.

We also get into the futures game and play a version of conference realignment talk by discussing what shape The Odyssey may take. It’s an ambitious project and, to be honest, I’m not sure I see a movie in the source material absent extensive editing and rewrites. And, if that happens, I’m certain the notoriously happy OnlineClassics folks will react with calm, quiet reflection. Narrator: They won’t.

We conclude the podcast by talking about a few projects that Dr. Cyrino is working on which I highly recommend.

Your reading assignment is Judy Dench’s Shakespeare: The Man Who Pays the Rent.

The theme music is from Brent Arehart. Please call the pod (540-632-0160), leave a message and you’ll get in an episode. Let me know what you think about what we think in the comments, on Bluesky, on Mastodon, on Reddit, or on Instagram.

And never forget that The Classical Antiquity Sidequest is a podcast without end.

Sidequest 23 – All Roads Lead to Rome with Dr. Rhiannon Garth Jones

As we all know, people spend a lot of time thinking about Rome. If you’ve ever wondered why that is, Dr. Rhiannon Garth Jones just published All Roads Lead to Rome, a book that attempts to answer and explain just why it is that so many of us think about Rome and why we’ve done it for so long. In addition to that, we cover a lot of topics including writing styles, an ongoing issue with historical cognitive dissonance when it comes to our understanding of Rome and some troubling and problematic invocations of Rome. We also cover a very interesting want to know more section of her book and how it incorporates new and emerging forms of scholarship.

Your reading assignments include Strike by Dr. Sarah E. Bond (who I would love to have on the pod one day) and Dr. Kaldellis’ The New Roman Empire.

And while you’re reading stuff, why don’t you pick up a copy of Dr. Garth Jones’ book? It’s pretty darned good.

The theme music is from Brent Arehart. Please call the pod (540-632-0160), leave a message and you’ll get in an episode. Let me know what you think about what we think in the comments, on Bluesky, on Mastodon, on Reddit, or on Instagram.

And never forget that The Classical Antiquity Sidequest is a podcast without end.